{"id":222762,"date":"2024-09-08T05:00:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T22:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nawacita.co\/?p=222762"},"modified":"2024-09-07T09:33:27","modified_gmt":"2024-09-07T02:33:27","slug":"warisan-kuno-nama-nama-hari-dan-bulan-sebelum-islam-datang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nawacita.co\/index.php\/2024\/09\/08\/warisan-kuno-nama-nama-hari-dan-bulan-sebelum-islam-datang\/","title":{"rendered":"Warisan Kuno: Nama-nama Hari dan Bulan Sebelum Islam Datang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Warisan Kuno: Nama-nama Hari dan Bulan Sebelum Islam Datang<\/h1>\n

JAKARTA, Nawacita<\/a><\/strong> — Sistem penanggalan Hijriyah memakai peredaran bulan sebagai alat ukurnya. Patokan awalnya adalah peristiwa hijrahnya Nabi Muhammad SAW dari Makkah ke Madinah. Satu tahun terdiri atas 12 bulan. Satu bulan dalam sistem tersebut terdiri atas 29 atau genap 30 hari.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Oleh karena memakai sistem lunar calendar<\/em>, batas hari menurut penanggalan Islam tersebut adalah terbenamnya matahari. Sebagaimana penamaan ke-12 bulan, pembagian hari dalam sistem Hijriyah juga mengalami dinamika sejarah.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

Mengutip Ensiklopedi Islam untuk Pelajar, bangsa Arab Kuno mula-mula membagi satu bulan menjadi tiga jangka waktu. Setiap bagian itu terdiri atas 10 hari yang namanya adalah: Gurar, Nufal, Tusa\u2019, \u2018Usar, Bid, Dura\u2019, Zulam, Hanadis\/Duhm, Da\u2019adi, dan Mihak.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bangsa Arab kemudian memodifikasinya. Maka dari itu, setiap bulan terdiri atas kelompok tujuh harian (pekan). Berlainan dengan penamaan bulan atau tahun, nama-nama hari dalam kalender Arab mengikuti kaidah urutan.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Ilsutrasi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hari pertama disebut sebagai \u2018yang kesatu\u2019, Awwal (Ahad). Hari-hari sesudahnya adalah Ahwan, Jubar Dubar, Mu\u2019nis, Aruba\u2019, dan Siyar.<\/p>\n

Nama-nama itu disempurnakan lagi ketika Islam muncul dan berkembang. Mereka menjadi: al-Ahad, al-Isnain, as-Sulasa, al-Arbi\u2019a, al-Khamis, al-Jumu\u2019ah, dan as-Sabt. Ketika Islam diterima di nusantara, mereka menjadi Ahad, Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat, dan Sabtu.<\/p>\n

Hari Jumat dikhususkan di antara hari-hari lainnya bagi umat Islam. Sifat khusus itu berbeda, misalnya, dengan syariat bagi kaum Yahudi, kaum yang diperintahkan Allah Ta’ala menurut syariat Nabi Musa AS untuk memuliakan hari Sabtu (as-Sabt).<\/p>\n

Islam tidak menyuruh umatnya untuk meniadakan aktivitas duniawi sepanjang hari Jumat. Allah SWT semata-mata menyuruh agar hamba-Nya meninggalkan pekerjaan duniawi sejak berkumandangnya panggilan azan shalat Jumat hingga usainya ibadah tersebut.<\/p>\n

Nama-nama bulan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, sebagaimana diriwayatkan Bukhari dan Muslim, \u201cSesungguhnya zaman ini telah berjalan, sebagaimana perjalanan awalnya ketika Allah menciptakan langit dan bumi, yang mana satu tahun ada 12 bulan. Di antaranya, ada empat bulan haram, tiga bulan yang (letaknya) berurutan, yaitu Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijah, dan Muharam. Lalu, Rajab yang berada di antara Jumadil (Akhir) dan Syaban.\u201d<\/p>\n

Masyarakat Arab pra-Islam (jahiliyah) sudah mengetahui bulan-bulan yang di dalamnya tidak boleh (haram) melakukan perang. Akan tetapi, ketentuan haram itu tidak diindahkan para pemuka musyrikin.<\/p>\n

Sebagai contoh, kaum musyrikin hendak berperang ketika Muharram. Maka mereka sengaja menukar letak bulan haram itu ke bulan berikutnya, Safar. Akibatnya, sifat bulan-bulan berikutnya bergeser sehingga timbul kekacauan.<\/p>\n

Menurut Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973-1048), bangsa Arab Kuno menganut sistem 12 bulan, tetapi nama-nama bulannya berbeda daripada zaman jahiliyah atau era Rasulullah SAW. Segenap ke-12 bulan itu diawali bulan al-Mu\u2019tamir\u2014yang sejajar dengan Safar karena itulah yang dianggap sebagai bulan pertama.<\/p>\n

Selanjutnya, Najir, Khawwan, Bussan, Hantam, Zaba\u2019, al-Asamm, Adil, Nafik, Waghl, Huwa\u2019, dan Burak.<\/p>\n

Semua itu sudah ditinggalkan generasi-generasi Arab yang muncul sesudahnya. Mereka mengubah nama ke-12 bulan agar berpatokan dengan adat istiadat dan iklim cuaca.\u00a0rpblk<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Warisan Kuno: Nama-nama Hari dan Bulan Sebelum Islam Datang JAKARTA, Nawacita — Sistem penanggalan Hijriyah memakai peredaran bulan sebagai alat ukurnya. Patokan awalnya adalah peristiwa hijrahnya Nabi Muhammad SAW dari Makkah ke Madinah. Satu tahun terdiri atas 12 bulan. Satu bulan dalam sistem tersebut terdiri atas 29 atau genap 30 hari. Oleh karena memakai sistem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":222765,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[82754,82751,82752,82753],"class_list":{"0":"post-222762","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lifestyle","8":"tag-kalender-arab","9":"tag-kalender-sebelum-islam","10":"tag-penanggalan-hijriyah","11":"tag-warisan-kuno"},"yoast_head":"\nWarisan Kuno: Nama-nama Hari dan Bulan Sebelum Islam Datang<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"JAKARTA, Nawacita -- Sistem penanggalan Hijriyah memakai peredaran bulan sebagai alat ukurnya. 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